Fire is still used as a cultural process and management tool in different regions worldwide. We focus on the examples of the Pyrenees, northern Spain and the open forests of South America. In these areas, local communities of shepherds, farmers, and hunters have continued to use fire actively as an uninterrupted landscape management tool for millennia.

However, the loss of local knowledge and the abandonment of rural areas have led to a decline in this practice. Once this knowledge is lost, it is difficult to recover. The knowledge has been passed down from generation to generation, and fire is not just a technique; it is also linked to day-to-day life, myths, and festivities.