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Displaying 5421 - 5440 of 5651

Based on limited data, water-gel provided a slightly wider and deeper fireline with more feathering of ejected material than did Ensign-Bickford cord. Soil moisture conditions, closeness of blasting material to the ground, and other factors may…
Author(s): Richard J. Barney
Year Published:

In early August 1961, more than 26,000 acres (10,500 ha) of upper montane and subalpine forest on the Bitterroot National Forest burned in a lightning-caused wildfire. At the time, the Sleeping Child Burn represented the single largest forest fire…
Author(s): L. Jack Lyon
Year Published:

Provides information on fire as an ecological factor for forest habitat types occurring east of the Continental Divide in Montana. Identifies "Fire Groups" of habitat types based on fire's role in forest succession. Describes forest…
Author(s): William C. Fischer, Bruce D. Clayton
Year Published:

The history and influence of tires was studied at the forest- grassland ecotone in high valleys ofsouthwestern Montana. Inves- tigations were focused upon several sites having early landscape photographs and modern retakes that allow for detection…
Author(s): Stephen F. Arno, George E. Gruell
Year Published:

Interprets changes in forest and range vegetation resulting from the absence of fire. Eighty-six matched photographs covering the period 1871-1982 provide the basis for describing how vegetation has changed in various plant communities. These scenes…
Author(s): George E. Gruell
Year Published:

The study quantified differences between fire-retarding abilities of monoammonium phosphate samples from five different sources. Ponderosa pine needles and aspen excelsior fuel beds were spray-treated with different levels of chemical solutions,…
Author(s): Aylmer D. Blakely
Year Published:

Globe huckleberry (Vaccinium globulare) fruit is a major food source for the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) in northwestern Montana. A ranked-set sampling pattern was used to determine the effects of wildfires, timber harvest practices, and…
Author(s): P. Martin
Year Published:

The fire cycle in low-elevation mesic coniferous forests of the Bitterroot Canyons, Montana, has changed from about 60 years before European settlement to about 7500 years between 1910 and 1980. The decreased fire frequency may be responsible for…
Author(s): Bruce McCune
Year Published:

Vegetation was sampled on 330 sites known to be used by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). The response to disturbance of 6 shrub species important as grizzly bear foods was determined by comparing their percent canopy cover on disturbed sites with that…
Author(s): Peter Zager, Charles Jonkel, James R. Habeck
Year Published:

The importance of fire as an ecological disturbance in the Northern Rockies is well accepted. Lightning is generally thought to have been the main source of ignition prior to settlement by Europeans. But writings of explorers and pioneers mention…
Author(s): Stephen W. Barrett, Stephen F. Arno
Year Published:

The authors examine variation in the length of mean intervals between fires (occurring between the years 1600 and 1910) in sample units of various sizes, ranging from a point on the ground (single tree) to a large stand (200 to 800 acres; 80 to 320…
Author(s): Stephen F. Arno, Terry D. Petersen
Year Published:

Perceptions of risk and danger are largely based on what society and organizations choose to value and what they choose to fear. Often, these values are shaped by larger organizational and political interests that bias perceptions of risk, danger,…
Author(s): Mary Douglas, Aaron Wildavsky
Year Published:

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is known to have its seeds harvested and cached in the soil by Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), and unretrieved seeds are known to be capable of germinating and establishing new pines. Many other…
Author(s): H.E. Hutchins, R. M. Lanner
Year Published:

Relationships between height of big sagebrush and crown area, fuel loading, bulk density, size distribution of foliage and stemwood, and fraction dead stemwood are presented. Based upon these relationships, modeled rate-of-fire spread and fireline…
Author(s): James K. Brown
Year Published:

Abstract (1) Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) store a mean of only 3.7 whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds per cache, which reduces competition for moisture and space. The mean depth at which seeds are stored, 2.0 cm, is compatible…
Author(s): Diana F. Tomback
Year Published:

A comparison of the trichopteran communities of streams associated with aspen, spruce—fir, and mixed—conifer forests demonstrated significant differences in structure. Though tricophteran species composition in aspen—associated and spruce—fir…
Author(s): Manuel C. Molles Jr.
Year Published:

ANNOTATION: Forest residues utilization research has included case studies of the efficiency of existing harvesting systems in achieving close fiber utilization. Field evaluations included the use of in-woods chipping systems in gentle terrain;…
Author(s): Roland L. Barger, Robert E. Benson
Year Published:

This article addresses how organizations deal with adversity and how organizations adapt within adverse conditions. The authors comment that most research emphasizes “organizational and not individual or group responses to adversity,” and those…
Author(s): Barry Staw, Lance Sandelands, Jane Dutton
Year Published:

Fire, geomorphic processes, and landforms interact to determine natural patterns of ecosystems over landscapes. Fire alters vegetation and soil properties which change soil and sediment movement through watersheds. Landforms affect fire behavior and…
Author(s): Frederick J. Swanson
Year Published:

Most presettlement Canadian and Alaskan boreal forests and Rocky Mountain subalpine forests had lightning fire regimes of large-scale crown fires and high-intensity surface fires, causing total stand replacement on fire rotations (or cycles) to 50…
Author(s): Miron L. Heinselman
Year Published: