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The original program objectives were to develop and test a heat-sensitive system capable of: (1) locating small fires, (2) mapping fire perimeters, and (3) measuring rates of fire spread. The usefulness of infrared mappers was to be examined by…
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Temperatures in a large natural fuel test fire were measured with bare, shielded aspirated, and shielded unaspirated chromel-alumel thermocouples. With the bare thermocouples, values of 2650 F. were recorded--much higher than most previously…
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In 1961 the National Science Foundation awarded grants to Washington State University and the Northern Forest Fire Laboratory of the Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station to further a joint study of the mechanisms of fire spread in…
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Burning characteristics of backfires, headfires, and no-wind fires in fuel beds of ponderosa pine needles were compared at the Northern Forest Fire Laboratory. Data gathered under controlled laboratory conditions indicate that fires backed into the…
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Two tables prepared for use with the National Fire-Danger Rating System replace 10 tables previously used with the Model-8 Fire-Danger Rating System. They provide for the conversion of Spread Index values at various altitudes, aspects, and times of…
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Changeover from use of the Intermountain Model-8 Burning Index Meter to use of the Spread Index of the National Fire-Danger Rating System required a comparative analysis of both systems. This note describes a program written in SPS to calculate…
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Problems being encountered in implementing fire prevention programs were explored by studying the organization for fire prevention at the Fish Lake, Uinta, and Wasatch National Forests in Utah. The study focused on role congruency in fire prevention…
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The main purpose of this publication is to summarize the most important aspects of fire behavior as we now know them. The author recognizes that there are still many unknowns in the behavior of forest and range fires. These unknowns will be the…
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The investigation of the causes of a fish kill in waters containing ferro‐ and ferricyanide at concentrations far under those generally accepted as non‐lethal have shown these low concentrations to be lethal due to photo‐decomposition and release of…
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On August 21, 1937, the tragic Blackwater Fire caused the death of 15 firefighters, burning approximately 1,700 acres of National Forest System lands on the Shoshone National Forest, near Cody, Wyoming. An electrical storm occurred in the general…
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[Excerpt from text] Measurements of meteorological conditions prevailing during the rapid spread of forest fires are greatly needed so that when their recurrence seems probable, fire weather forecasters may issue warnings of the danger.
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[Excerpted from text] It is not often that a large forest fire occurs conveniently near a weather station specially equipped for measuring forest-fire weather. The 13,000-acre Quartz Creek fire on the Kaniksu National Forest…
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FFI (FEAT/FIREMON Integrated) is a monitoring software tool designed to assist managers with collection, storage and analysis of ecological information. It was constructed through a complementary integration of the Fire Ecology Assessment Tool (FEAT…
The Smoke and Emissions Portal is the result of collaborative efforts between the National Wildfire Coordinating Group's (NWCG) Smoke Committee, The University of Idaho, and the Fire Research and Management Exchange System (FRAMES). This site is…
Our research is focused on understanding the dynamics of fire regimes at relatively broad scales, and our extension work involves applying this information to ecosystem management. Students and staff in the lab work and publish on a wide variety of…
The National Wildfire Coordinating Group provides national leadership to enable interoperable wildland fire operations among federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial partners. Primary objectives include: •Establish national interagency…
In many forested landscapes across western North America, past fires often act as barriers to fire spread for a time and then, as live and dead fuels accumulate, reburn but with much lower severity than surrounding forested areas. In this project,…
In developing our wilderness research program, the Leopold Institute recognizes that wilderness means different things to different people. Wilderness can refer to lands designated or managed for: •the purpose of preserving natural conditions; •…
In June 2025 the Department of Interior and USDA Forest Service announced a joint expansion of mental health support, offered through a network of providers, for wildland firefighters and dispatchers. These therapy services are intended to meet the…
Incident Kits - Employee Behavioral Health and Wellbeing
The long hours, months of endurance, and ongoing needs for engagement in fire and emergency response, when left unmitigated, pose risks to the wellbeing of all our employees who are making…