Many ecosystems and landscapes are experiencing rapid and potentially persistent changes as the result of complex and potentially novel interactions of anthropogenic climate changes; shifting fire regimes; exotic plant, insect, and pathogen invasions; and industrial, agricultural, and urban development (Moritz and Agudo 2013; Joyce et al. 2014; Bone et al. 2016; Kolb et al. 2016; Smith et al. 2016; Stephens et al. 2016; Schoennagel et al. 2017). In fire-prone, fire-adapted landscapes – those where fire is an integral part of ecosystem maintenance and functioning – anthropogenic actions can directly and indirectly influence fire regimes and fire effects via changes in vegetation distributions, fuel condition, and weather events that influence fire behavior (Loehman et al. 2014). Many of today’s landscapes are fully departed...