Fire is a natural process that has shaped the history of Earth long before human presence; imagining a “world without fires is like a sphere without roundness” ([1], p.599). Evidence that massive and intense fires naturally occurred throughout the Holocene [1e3] demonstrates that extreme wildfires events (EWEs) are not a recent reality. Although many ecosystems are resilient to such intense fires (e.g., in Yellowstone Park, within the first decade after the fire occurred in 1988, plant and animal communities were well on their way to their pre-fire composition; [3a]), recent tragic fires in Portugal, Greece, and the United States highlight the vulnerability of individuals and communities to such fires.