The threat from wildland fire continues to grow across many regions of the Western United States. Drought, urbanization, and a buildup of fuels over the last century have contributed to increasing wildfire risk to property and highly valued natural resources. Fuel treatments, including thinning overly dense forests to reduce fuel and lower fire risk, have become a priority for land managers. Planning fuel treatments on public lands is a complicated problem. Treatments must address multiple management objectives that are often conflicting and burdened with regulatory constraints.