Three contrasting thinning treatments to reduce fire hazard were implemented in a 100-year-old ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir (Pinus ponderosa/Pseudotsuga menzesii) stand on the Lolo National Forest, MT. All treatments included a commercial thinning designed to reduce crown fuels and provide revenue to offset costs. The treatments are outlined as follows: 1. Minimum impact: light commercial thinning from below, with slash hand-piled and burned. 2. Revenue production: moderate commercial thinning from above, whole-tree harvest. 3. Forest restoration: moderate commercial thinning from below, with broadcast burn.