The Federal Land Policy and Management Act (1976: Public Law 94-579) requires coordination with approved tribal management plans for the purposes of development and revisions of such plans and is inclusive of programs or projects. Federal Government consultation, such as government-to-government protocol agreements with federally recognized tribes (Executive Order 13175, 2000), provides one mechanism for raising concerns and understanding potential impacts to cultural resources and related tribal trust resources resulting from Federal fire management activities. Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) and fire management agreements between tribes and Federal agencies provide a framework for clarifying the agencies' and tribes' roles in collaborative and cooperative fire management for the protection, security, and mitigation of impacts to tribal trust and cultural and heritage resources.