Intact, landscape-scale ecosystems are often the most sensitive to biodiversity loss stemming from anthropogenic change, climate disruption, and increasing ecological disturbances. Dramatic shifts in wildfire regimes have resulted in increasing fire frequency and severity in North America; impacting one of the last remaining contiguous, complete landscapes, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), which is host to numerous rare and threatened species. The federally threatened whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) inhabits high-elevation forests throughout much of the GYE as a keystone species. A highly virulent non-native pathogen and unprecedented pest outbreaks, alongside widespread fires, have contributed to range-wide mortality, ultimately jeopardizing the ecological integrity and biodiversity of these subalpine forests. While it typically regenerates in gaps created by fire, fire and whitebark pine have a complex relationship, and regeneration responses are difficult to predict. To better understand this relationship, we identified ten burns occurring 1940-2001 throughout the GYE to assess the effect of fire severity on regeneration. To reveal the drivers of post-fire recruitment by whitebark pine, we leveraged these data alongside a 20-year monitoring dataset and quantified the contributions of stand-level (e.g., disease and pest prevalence), site (e.g., aspect), and climate characteristics (e.g., drought indices) to regeneration in burned sites.