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In the last decade, the fire management program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, has come under closer scrutiny because of ever-rising program costs. The Forest Service has responded by conducting several studies analyzing the…
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This report reviews the Long Tom Fire Complex. The review team identified 11 issues and provided alternatives for them to reduce suppression costs, improve suppression efficiency, and minimize resource impacts on future large fires in the Salmon…
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Frequency of resprouting and number of newly established seedlings of antelope bitterbrush were sampled on sites burned by prescribed burns and wildfires 3 to 10 years previously to determine the effect of habitat type, growth form, and season of…
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Fuel buildup is a natural process that can become unnatural when certain kinds and amounts of fuel extend uncommonly across landscape. Unnatural fuel buildups occur more readily in short-interval types than in long-interval types and may never occur…
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Responses of seven bighorn sheep populations and habitats to prescribed fire and wildfire in southern British Columbia, Idaho, and Glacier National Park ranged from no influence to increase; interacting factors such as lungworm infection, livestock…
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On August 29, 1985, 73 firefighters were forced into safety zones, where they took refuge in their fire shelters for 1 to 2 hours while a very severe crown fire burned over them. The incident took place on the Butte Fire on the Salmon National…
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Changes in bird populations as a result of a 122 ha forest fire are evaluated. There is little evidence of any drastic effect on numbers of birds, species, or species diversity in the year of the fire or 2 years later.
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The historical importance of fire was investigated on the upper Swan Valley winter white-tailed deer range in northwestern Montana. The relatively recent impacts of logging on winter range quality were also included in these studies. Fire exclusion…
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Fire plays an important role in Ceanothus velutinus habitat. Its impact varies with season and severity of fire. Knowledge of the interaction between fire severity and evergreen ceanothus habitat can assist managers in estimating the effect of fire…
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This is a report summary that includes conclusions, recommendations, and interview from the safety officer on the fire entrapment incident in the Salmon National Forest on July 4, 1985.
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Relationships for predicting duff reduction, mineral soil exposure, and consumption of downed woody fuel were determined to assist in planning prescribed fires. Independent variables included lower and entire duff moisture contents, loadings of…
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Tree population size structures and dispersion patterns were studied using stem maps in three old-growth western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Sarg.)—western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn.) stands in the Rocky Mountains of northern Idaho and adjacent…
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This report analyzed the events leading up to the Lake Mountain Fire entrapment in the Salmon National Forest, Idaho, in 1985. The authors looked at the fire and activities in terms of the 10 standard fire fighting orders and the 13 shout…
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This conceptual model of early seral shrub succession following clearcutting and broadcast burning synthesizes ideas from previous research and modeling approaches into a simple diagrammatic model of the critical successional…
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Much of the nearly 7 million acres (2.86 million ha) of aspen in the western United States is seral to conifers. Also, most aspen stands are old, in excess of 60 years. Proper treatment of these aspen forests will retain the aspen and can produce…
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Water yield and sediment production almost always increase after wildfire has destroyed vegetative cover. The value of water generally is not as much appreciated in the water-rich northern Rocky Mountains as it is elsewhere. Increased water yield…
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In salvage operations after wildfire, timber managers need to identify those trees most likely to die. Crown scorch volume and scorch height are commonly used to estimate damage to conifers after fire. Calculated crown scorch volume based on scorch…
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A cost-aggregation approach has been developed for determining the cost of Fire Management Inputs (FMls)-the direct fireline production units (personnel and equipment) used in initial attack and large-fire suppression activities. All components…
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Based on limited data, water-gel provided a slightly wider and deeper fireline with more feathering of ejected material than did Ensign-Bickford cord. Soil moisture conditions, closeness of blasting material to the ground, and other factors may…
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