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The main effect burning on water quality is the potential for increased runoff of rainfall. Runoff may carry suspended soil particles, dissolved inorganic nutrients, and other materials into adjacent streams and lakes, reducing water quality and…
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The quality of a forest site is governed by its physical conditions (temperature, moisture, soil parent materials) as they affect plant and soil. Microbes greatly affect soil development. Their activities mediate nutrient status through release,…
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This report discusses fire-related research needs in the western regions of the Forest Service. These needs were expressed by personnel at all management levels. Responses were one part of a more general study designed to establish information…
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Examines economic feasibility of managing nonslash fuels in mature timber to reduce the costs and damages of wildfire. A 1.2-million-acre (496,000 hectare) study area is stratified by timber value, fire occurrence rate, and fuel hazard. Maximum…
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Systems to enable land managers to locate, evaluate, and counter the fire threat of lightning storms are in the early stages of development. In the western U.S. and Alaska, the Bureau of Land Management has established networks of instruments that…
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ANNOTATION: Relationships between live and dead crown weight and DBH, crown length, tree height, and crown ratio are presented for 11 Rocky Mountain conifers. Also included are partitioned estimates of crown foliage and branchwood. This study shows…
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In early September 1975, two clearcuts (14 and 17 acres; 5.7 and 6.9 ha), two sets of 4 small clearcuts (1.5 acres; 0.6 ha each), and one shelterwood cutting (22 acres; 8.9 ha) were broadcast burned principally for seedbed preparation and fuel…
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During the first 3 years after a severe wildfire in 1970, maximum concentrations of nitrate-N (NO3-N) in stream water increased from prefire levels of <0.016 to 0.$6 mg/liter on a burned, unfertilized watershed and to 0.54 and 1.47 mg/liter on…
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Development of equations for predicting fuel bed depth (called "bulk depth" herein) appropriate for modeling fire behavior in slash is described. Bulk depth (y) was correlated with the expected number of 1/4-to 1-inch-diameter particle…
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Sorption studies of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) needles and litter beds of current year cast show a shorter response time and lower equilibrium moisture contents than most other conifer needle data in the literature. For conditions below…
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In preparing a state-of-knowledge review for fire and fauna, our basic reference source was the chapter "Effects of Fire on Birds and Mammals," by J. F. Bendell (1974) in the book "Fire and Ecosystems". In addition to summarizing this 52-page paper…
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This report presents tables and equations for estimating total cubic volumes of wood, wood residue, and bark for ponderosa pine, western larch, and Douglas fir. The equations and tables provide a means for estimating wood and bark residue volumes…
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Twenty control burns performed with a wide range of fuel loadings and moisture conditions were used to study the effectiveness of old fuel reduction under standing Douglas-fir/larch forest. This paper reports the influence of burning on nutrient…
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The purpose of this study which was conducted in 1974 and 1975 was to investigate the effects of the Fitz Creek fire of August, 1973 upon the benthic community of White Cap Creek which was partially surrounded by the bum. Study sections of White Cap…
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Prescribed burning under mature Larch/Douglas-fir forests produced changes in elemental uptake. Elemental analyses of individual species and existing biomass three years post-burn from hot, medium, and lightly burned sites and unburned controls…
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This thesis documents the fire history and assesses the role of fire in the western larch/Douglas-fir forest of the Coram Experimental Forest in northwestern Montana. Primary attention was given to the frequency, areal spread, relative severity, and…
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Toxicities of four chemical forest fire retardants, Fire-Trol 100 and 931 (ammonium sulfate or polyphosphate with an attapulgite clay thickener) and Phos-Chek 202 A and 259 (diammonium phosphate with a guar gum derivative thickener) were determined…
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Guidelines are offered for safe, effective fire treatments in western larch/Douglas-fir forests. Describes procedures for estimating and limiting the scorching of tree crows. Provides a method for predicting percentage of the forest floor that will…
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An improved version is presented of a method previously used [see FA 40, 169]. Instructions are given for: laying out transects; gathering stand data, including documenting fire-scarred trees; sampling fire-scarred trees; laboratory analysis of tree…
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In a western larch/Douglas-fir forest type in western Montana, 9 spring and 11 fall under story burns were conducted. Multiple regression equations related the number of Vaccinium globulare (blue huckleberry) stems present 1 and 2 years after fire…
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