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The area burned in the western United States during the 2020 fire season was the greatest in the modern era. Here we show that the number of human‐caused fires in 2020 also was elevated, nearly 20% higher than the 1992-2019 average. Although…
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Accounting for the effects of fire suppression and containment efforts has posed a challenge in wildfire modeling. Fire suppression is a complex phenomenon depending on factors such as resource availability, weather, terrain, and fire suppression…
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Fire-caused tree mortality has major impacts on forest ecosystems. One primary cause of post-fire tree mortality in non-resprouting species is crown scorch, the percentage of foliage in a crown that is killed by heat. Despite its importance, the…
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Fuels treatments intended to reduce fuel loads and improve forest health on public lands offer one way to reduce wildfire hazards in the wildland-urban interface (WUI), where the natural and built environments meet. However, for fuels treatment…
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Background. Wildland firefighters are exposed to hazards when working which can, and do, result in serious injury or death. Understanding the activities in which firefighters are engaged when they are injured, the hazards to which they were exposed…
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Background: Despite progress in reducing industrial air pollution, rising wildfire frequency and intensity, driven in part by climate change, pose significant health risks. Accurate estimates of wildfire-generated fine particulate matter with an…
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This Fire Regime Synthesis details characteristics of presettlement (i.e., before Euro-American settlement), historical (i.e., any past record), and contemporary (i.e., 1980s to present) fuels and fire regimes in ponderosa pine and montane mixed-…
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Fire-caused tree mortality has major impacts on forest ecosystems. One primary cause of post-fire tree mortality in non-resprouting species is crown scorch, the percentage of foliage in a crown that is killed by heat. Despite its importance, the…
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-- The mechanistic links between fire-caused injuries and post-fire tree mortality are poorly understood. Current hypotheses differentiate effects of fire on tree carbon balance and hydraulic function, yet critical uncertainties remain about the…
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The sagebrush biome in the western United States is a focus of widespread conservation concern due to multiple interacting threats including larger, more severe wildfires. Given the immense scale of the region and limited resources, prioritizing…
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As wildfires intensify across the western United States, understanding long-term ecosystem recovery is increasingly critical. Post-fire soil amendments, such as woody mulch or biochar, are commonly used to stabilize soils and promote vegetation…
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Despite fire being one of the oldest and most important ecological disturbance processes on Earth, many aspects of fire–vegetation feedbacks are poorly understood, limiting their accurate representation in predictive models. Translating plant…
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Wildfire is a natural disturbance in landscapes of the Western United States, but the effects and extents of fire are changing. Differences between historical and contemporary fire regimes can help identify reasons for observed changes in landscape…
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Intensifying fire season aridity portends ongoing expansion of severe wildfire in western US forests
Area burned by wildfire has increased in western US forests and elsewhere over recent decades coincident with warmer and drier fire seasons. However, high-severity fire - fire that kills all or most trees - is arguably a more important metric of…
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Accurate prediction of forest fire spread is a critical management and scientific challenge as the world adapts to rapidly changing fire regimes. We reconstructed 5,400 daily burned area progression maps for 196 U.S. Northern Rocky Mountain…
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Background
Merging fire fronts have been associated with rapid fire spread and extremely destructive wildfires, yet few studies have characterised these behaviours outside the laboratory.
Aims
This study aimed to improve our understanding of merging…
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Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) face significant brain health risks due to prolonged exposure to smoke, extreme heat, dehydration, physical exertion and irregular sleep patterns. Here, the literature is presented as a narrative review on studies that…
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Background
Wildland firefighting requires exposure to long shifts and poor sleep, which may pose a risk to worker safety due to impaired cognitive function.
Aims
We investigated the associations between sleep, shift characteristics, and cognitive…
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Background
Following high-severity wildfires in conifer forests that rely on wind dispersal for regeneration, reforestation practices are used to hasten the development of large, fire-resistant trees that are better able to persist through the next…
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Background
Fuel moisture content is a key driver of fuel flammability and subsequent fire activity and behavior worldwide. Dead fuels passively exchange moisture with the atmosphere while live fuel moisture is confounded by a mixture of seasonal…
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