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Ecosystem

Displaying 1361 - 1380 of 6016 results

Context: Landscape science relies on foundational concepts of landscape ecology and seeks to understand the physical, biological, and human components of ecosystems to support land management decision-making. Incorporating landscape science into…
Author(s): Sarah Carter, David S. Pilliod, Travis Haby, Karen L. Prentice, Cameron L. Aldridge, Patrick J. Anderson, Z.H. Bowen, John Bradford, Samuel A. Cushman, Joseph C. DeVivo, Michael C. Duniway, Ryan S. Hathaway, Lisa Nelson, Courtney Schultz, Rudy M. Schuster, E. Jamie Trammell
Year Published:

Field and laboratory emission factors (EFs) of wildland fire emissions for 276 known air pollutants sampled across Canada and the US were compiled. An online database, the Smoke Emissions Repository Application (SERA), was created to enable analysis…
Author(s): Susan J. Prichard, Susan M. O'Neill, Paige C. Eagle, Anne Andreu, Brian Drye, Joel Dubowy, Shawn P. Urbanski, Tara Strand
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Fire is a complex Earth system phenomenon that fundamentally affects vegetation distributions, biogeochemical cycling, climate, and human society across most of Earth's land surface. Fire regimes are currently changing due to multiple interacting…
Author(s): Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer Balch, Scott J. Goetz, Caroline E. R. Lehmann, Merritt R. Turetsky
Year Published:

In many fire-prone watersheds, wildfire threatens surface drinking water sources with eroded contaminants. We evaluated the potential to mitigate the risk of degraded water quality by limiting fire sizes and contaminant loads with a containment…
Author(s): Benjamin Gannon, Yu Wei, Matthew P. Thompson
Year Published:

Wildfires can have severe and lasting impacts on the water quality of aquatic ecosystems. However, our understanding of these impacts is founded primarily from studies of small watersheds with well-connected runoff regimes. Despite the predominance…
Author(s): Craig A. Emmerton, Colin A. Cooke, Sarah Hustins, Uldis Silins, Monica B. Emelko, Ted Lewis, Mary K. Kruk, Nadine Taube, Dongnan Zhu, Brian Jackson, Micheal Stone, Jason G. Kerr, John F. Orwin
Year Published:

This review summarizes information that was available in the scientific literature as of 2020 on the biology, ecology, and effects of fire on diffuse knapweed in North America. Diffuse knapweed is not native in North America and is invasive in…
Author(s): Kristin L. Zouhar, Robin J. Innes
Year Published:

Fungal assemblages after a large-scale disturbance can be diverse and have functionally important roles in forests. However, fungi include several functional groups, and the responses of these groups to different forest disturbances is poorly…
Author(s): Jari Kouki, Kauko Salo
Year Published:

FIRE PHOTOGRAPHY BEGAN EARLY. As soon as photographs could replace lithographs in magazines and newspapers, photos of firefights, the aftermath of bad burns, and occasionally even flame and smoke appeared. When Harper’s Weekly covered the 1871 and…
Author(s): Stephen Pyne
Year Published:

As we enter the wildfire season in the northern hemisphere, the potential for a dangerous interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and smoke pollution should be recognized and acknowledged. This is challenging because the public health threat of COVID-19 is…
Author(s): Sarah B. Henderson
Year Published:

Historically open oak and pine savannas and woodlands have transitioned to closed forests comprised of increased numbers of tree species throughout the eastern United States. We reviewed evidence for and against a suite of previously postulated…
Author(s): Brice B. Hanberry, Marc D. Abrams, Mary A. Arthur, J. Morgan Varner
Year Published:

This document is a chapter within the Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires Living Edition. A fire adapted community (FAC) is comprised of residents, land management professionals, local politicians, emergency managers,…
Author(s): Travis B. Paveglio, Catrin Edgeley
Year Published:

Hiking with a pack is the highest-intensity task that wildland firefighters (WLFFs) perform during sustained activities related to wildland fire suppression. Firefighters perform this and other tasks together as a crew; this provides a unique model…
Author(s): Steven E. Gaskill, Charles L. Dumke, Charles G. Palmer, Brent Ruby, Joseph W. Domitrovich, Joseph A. Sol
Year Published:

Although there has been a lot of work on ignition times at constant imposed heat flux and on steady creeping flame spread, no definite results exist for the effect of material thickness on these phenomena, specifically away from purely thermally…
Author(s): Michael Delichatsios
Year Published:

Research Highlights: This experiment compares a range of combinations of harvest, prescribed fire, and wildfire. Leveraging a 30-year-old forest management-driven experiment, we explored the recovery of woody species composition, regeneration of the…
Author(s): R. Kasten Dumroese, Martin F. Jurgensen, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese
Year Published:

Methods to accurately estimate spatially explicit fuel consumption are needed because consumption relates directly to fire behavior, effects, and smoke emissions. Our objective was to quantify sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboretum Marshall) shrub fuels…
Author(s): Andrew T. Hudak, Akira Kato, Benjamin C. Bright, E. Louise Loudermilk, Christie M. Hawley, Joseph C. Restaino, Roger D. Ottmar, Gabriel A. Prata, Carlos Cabo, Susan J. Prichard, Eric Rowell, David R. Weise
Year Published:

Accuracy assessment of burned area maps has been traditionally performed using pixel-based metrics, with the objective of assessing the accuracy and precision of burned area estimates at local and regional scales. While these assessments are helpful…
Author(s): Michael L. Humber, Luigi Boschetti, Louis Giglio
Year Published:

Significance: Wildfire emissions in the western United States have had increasingly larger impacts on air quality, health, and climate forcing in recent decades. However, our understanding of how wildfire plume composition evolves remains incomplete…
Author(s): Brett B. Palm, Qiaoyun Peng, Carley D. Fredrickson, Ben H. Lee, Lauren A. Garofalo, Matson A. Pothier, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Delphine K. Farmer, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Yingjie Shen, Shane M. Murphy, Wade Permar, Lu Hu, Teresa L. Campos, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Xuan Zhang, Frank Flocke, Emily V. Fischer, Joel A. Thornton
Year Published:

By suppressing all wildfires and incessantly burning fossil fuels, humans have upset the role that fire has historically played in providing ecological balance. We need to rethink our view of fire and accept its presence by changing how we manage…
Author(s): Stephen Pyne
Year Published:

Pyrolysis is a key process in all stages of wood burning from ignition to extinction. Understanding each stage is crucial to tackle wildfires and assess the fire safety of timber buildings. A model of appropriate complexity of wood pyrolysis and…
Author(s): Franz Richter, Guillermo Rein
Year Published:

The mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is one of the most prevalent disturbance agents in western conifer forests. It utilizes various species of pines (Pinus spp.) as host trees. Eruptive populations can cause extensive tree…
Author(s): Jose F. Negron, Bob Cain
Year Published: