Large, intense wildland fires have become more frequent across the United States in recent decades. Risks to responders and citizens, property losses, response and recovery costs, and threats to communities and landscapes have increased significantly as a result. In order to address these formidable challenges, more-effective Federal agency coordination is needed among both wildland fire scientists and also between those who produce and those who use the science relevant to wildfire mitigation, response, and recovery. To address this need, a Wildland Fire Science and Technology Task Force was chartered under the National Science and Technology Council’s Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction. The Task Force analyzed the missions, portfolios, and existing coordination and application mechanisms employed by the relevant Federal agencies with respect to wildland fire science and technology, and assessed progress on the strategic actions set forth in the Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction’s Grand Challenges for Disaster Reduction Wildland Fire Implementation Plan. From this examination, the Task Force identified several topics for high-priority attention and action on the part of the Federal fire research community and proposed mechanisms to improve coordination between fire science producers and the community of users of fire science.