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The importance of fire as an ecological disturbance in the Northern Rockies is well accepted. Lightning is generally thought to have been the main source of ignition prior to settlement by Europeans. But writings of explorers and pioneers mention…
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Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is known to have its seeds harvested and cached in the soil by Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), and unretrieved seeds are known to be capable of germinating and establishing new pines. Many other…
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Abstract
(1) Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) store a mean of only 3.7 whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds per cache, which reduces competition for moisture and space. The mean depth at which seeds are stored, 2.0 cm, is compatible…
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A comparison of the trichopteran communities of streams associated with aspen, spruce—fir, and mixed—conifer forests demonstrated significant differences in structure. Though tricophteran species composition in aspen—associated and spruce—fir…
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Perceptions of risk and danger are largely based on what society and organizations choose to value and what they choose to fear. Often, these values are shaped by larger organizational and political interests that bias perceptions of risk, danger,…
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The authors examine variation in the length of mean intervals between fires (occurring between the years 1600 and 1910) in sample units of various sizes, ranging from a point on the ground (single tree) to a large stand (200 to 800 acres; 80 to 320…
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Relationships between height of big sagebrush and crown area, fuel loading, bulk density, size distribution of foliage and stemwood, and fraction dead stemwood are presented. Based upon these relationships, modeled rate-of-fire spread and fireline…
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In 1961 the National Science Foundation awarded grants to Washington State University and the Northern Forest Fire Laboratory of the Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station to further a joint study of the mechanisms of fire spread in…
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Prescribed fire has been used in the forests of the Intermountain West since 1910. It is employed for site preparation for planting or seeding, hazard reduction, livestock range and wildlife habitat improvement, cover type conversion, and insect or…
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The original program objectives were to develop and test a heat-sensitive system capable of: (1) locating small fires, (2) mapping fire perimeters, and (3) measuring rates of fire spread. The usefulness of infrared mappers was to be examined by…
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Temperatures in a large natural fuel test fire were measured with bare, shielded aspirated, and shielded unaspirated chromel-alumel thermocouples. With the bare thermocouples, values of 2650 F. were recorded--much higher than most previously…
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